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Man for Man |
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The First Cavalry Division was deployed to Vietnam in August of 1965.
It was to be the ultimate test of the U.S. Army's new combat doctrine
of air mobility. The 1st Cav was the most mobile force in the history
of warfare. It had over 400 helicopters capable of airlifting an entire
infantry brigade into combat. While designed primarily as light infantry,
the First Cavalry could also deliver massive firepower with its artillery,
aerial rocket artillery and helicopter gun ships. The Air Cav also
boasted three battalions of paratroopers organized into the 1st Brigade
(Abn) with the capability of parachuting into combat if necessary.
The division faced a formidable foe in the North Vietnamese Army (NVA),
who many considered to be the best light infantry in the world. The
soldiers from the north were well trained, well equipped and well
motivated as they flooded down the Ho Chi Minh trail into the 1st
Cav's area of operations, which stretched from the Cambodian border
to the South China Sea. While they lacked the firepower and mobility
of the Cav, they had an intimate knowledge of the terrain, the benefit
of sanctuaries across the Cambodian border and the ability to engage
in battle only when they saw or could create a tactical advantage.
If they saw an opportunity to defeat an American unit due to advantages
in combat strength, terrain superiority or battlefield surprise, they
would be quick to pounce.
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They were also very patient and would shadow American
units with probes and harassing fire in an effort to break down
morale, and combat discipline in order to create a tactical advantage
that could be immediately exploited. Alpha Company, 2nd Battalion,
8th Cavalry was part of the division's parachute brigade. A Company
was well trained, well led and its ranks filled with some of the
toughest soldiers in South Vietnam, many of whom were veterans
of the 11th Air Assault training back at Fort Benning. Others
came from crack stateside units such as the 101st and 82nd Abn
Divisions. A great majority of the senior NCO's and Officers were
combat veterans. Ranger tabs, Pathfinder patches and Recondo brands
were common amongst the cadre. This is a story about the men of
A Company on one fateful day of battle. What began, as a 'walk
in the sun' became a day long fight with hundreds of North Vietnamese
regulars. As in previous encounters with the North Vietnamese
Army, A Company was tested and not found wanting. The North Vietnamese
Army was good, but man for man, they were not equal to the troopers
of the 1st Air Cavalry. |
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Paddy Fight
by Garry Bowles and Ed Polonitza |
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During the month of February 1966 the troopers of A Company, 2nd Battalion,
8thCavalry (Abn) were conducting combat operations in the An Lao Valley.
The An Lao was a place where the high green mountains sloped gradually
to the fertile valley floor. There, acre after acre of interlocking
rice paddies were fed by the An Lao River and its many tributaries.
The valley was lush with vegetation and produced an abundant rice
crop. It was the rice that brought the North Vietnamese Army to the
An Lao Valley and it was the North Vietnamese Army that brought the
1st Air Cavalry.
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The Mouth of the An Lao Valley |
On the morning of February 23, A Company was conducting combat
sweeps through several small villages, which were located amongst
the acres of rice paddies and tree lines in our area of operation.
The 3rd Platoon led by Lieutenant Ed Polonitza had been assigned
to provide infantry support to an element of the 1st of the 9th
Cavalry. Lieutenant Polonitza recalls, “My 3rd Platoon was placed
under the operational control of the 1st of the 9th Cavalry that
morning. We were assigned the mission of performing ground reconnaissance
with one of the 9th Cav's scout helicopter units. They operated
with what they called red, white and blue teams. Red was their helicopter
gun ships, white was their aerial scouts and blue was their ground
recon unit. On that day we were operating as their blue team. I
found this mission to be very irritating and difficult. We were
used to being given general operating parameters and then free to
act as we saw fit within those parameters. The 9th Cav operated
with their scout helicopter essentially as our point man directing
virtually every move we made on the ground. After a very frustrating
morning, we were relieved of attachment and ordered to rejoin the
rest of A Company. The company was doing a search mission through
some villages and rice paddy areas looking for enemy units thought
to be operating in the area."
Walking Point©
Illustrated byGeorge Cook
"We moved through a densely wooded area running parallel to a rice
paddy. The company was several kilometers away from us. We began
to take sniper fire as we approached the rest of A Company.
Specialist 4 Frank Goldsmith went down with a severe hip wound.
At about the same time, Captain Detrixhe, our company commander,
reported that the company was under heavy automatic weapons fire
and needed us to reinforce them as soon as we could. We called a
medevac helicopter to evacuate Specialist Goldsmith. We had to hold
in place until the medevac arrived. Captain Detrixhe's radio calls
to me became more frantic and impatient. They were in big trouble
and needed us. As soon as Goldsmith was medevaced we moved fast.
The enemy fire became more intense. AK 47 rounds were hitting all
around us and snapping branches off the trees." |
"By the time we linked up with the company,
the enemy fire had died down and it appeared the North Vietnamese
had pulled out. We began crossing the rice paddy to search the
areas where the automatic weapons fire had been coming from.
Part of the company had crossed the paddy when the wood line
exploded with machine gun fire. Specialist Mike Friedrichs and
Sergeant Ken Johnson fell into the rice paddy muck with gunshot
wounds. I had just reached the far side of the rice paddy along
with the first few 3rd Platoon members when the firing began.
The rest of the platoon was pinned down in the rice paddy. I
turned around and ran back into the paddy to help bring some
return fire against the enemy position. Sergeant Isaac Guest
yelled at me to get down behind the dike before I got shot. I
landed in the muck of the rice paddy next to Sergeant Johnson.
The blood from his wound was turning the water and muck red.
No one could move as the fire from the tree line became more
intense. I told Sergeant Johnson to hang on; we would wait until
nightfall and pull him out under cover of darkness. I don't know
if this gave him any encouragement or not."
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"As
we lay in the muck, I could see Captain Detrixhe and Lieutenant
Erle Taylor, the company executive officer, talking on the radio.
All of a sudden a flight of helicopter gun ships appeared overhead
and started smoking the tree line with rockets. They made run
after run pounding the enemy positions. We could feel the enemy
fire decreasing in intensity. We knew we had a chance to pull
our wounded guys out of the paddy under the cover of the gun
ships. Covering one another, we made it to the tree line on the
edge of the rice paddy. Everyone was covered with muck, soaking
wet, bloody from gun shot wounds or from the blood-sucking leeches
that infested the rice paddy.”
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Specialist 4 Garry Bowles was the senior company
aid man and usually traveled with the company command post in the
line of march. The 2nd Platoon medic had been evacuated with malaria
the previous day so Bowles was filling in until a replacement arrived.
“It was a little past noon and I was with 2nd Platoon as they advanced
parallel of a small river. It was a beautiful day; the sky was a
perfect blue without a single cloud in sight. There was a cool breeze
blowing across my face and I remember thinking how good it felt.
It was what soldiers for a thousand years have called 'A Walk in
the Sun'. As our column moved forward I noticed a sandbar running
down the center of the river. I waded across onto the sandbar thinking
it would be fun to walk there for a while. I had no sooner reached
it than I heard lots of automatic weapons fire in the distance.
The troopers on the bank of the river immediately hit the ground
with their weapons at the ready. Suddenly I felt very stupid standing
there fully exposed in the middle of that river."

"I sloshed back across to the safety of the riverbank as fast as
I could. Reaching dry land I ran for the nearest cover I could find
and landed next to the platoon RTO, Bill Garlinger. He had his radio
handset pressed hard to his ear. I could hear lots of excited voices
coming from his radio. Garlinger yelled to Lieutenant Cochran who
was about 5 meters in front of him, 'Sir, 3rd Platoon has enemy
contact and the head of the column is also taking fire, the Captain
wants to talk to you'. Bill crawled forward on his belly extending
the radio handset to the platoon leader.”
“As Lieutenant Cochran excitedly talked to the Captain, the platoon
Sergeant, a big guy named Carerra came running down the trail and
dived for cover between Garlinger and Cochran. The Lieutenant still
holding his handset to his ear began talking and rapidly gesturing
to Sergeant Carerra and pointing up the column. The platoon Sergeant
then got to his feet and started running forward. Lieutenant Cochran
then yelled to the troopers behind him to 'saddle up and move out'.
We moved forward at a trot entering into a wide rice paddy that
was to the left of our line of march. Sergeant Carerra was there
as we arrived and was busy placing the platoon on line for an assault
across the paddy. As we got into position for our attack I watched
a mortar crew set up their tube for a fire mission. They placed
the bottom of the tube in the base plate, but when they laid the
gun in its supporting bipod it immediately sank in the mud."

"One of the mortar crew, a big guy by the name of DeVore, kneeled
down in the mud facing the gun. The crew placed the tube on his
shoulder for support and Specialist 4 Richardson fired several
quick rounds that landed very close to the enemy positions. It
was an incredible feat considering they were firing without the
bipod or aiming mechanism. We began our assault and like the mortar
crew before fell victim to the mud. Troopers were sinking up to
their knees in the muck bringing the attack to a standstill. Individual
troopers then began jumping on to the dikes and fully exposed
started running toward the enemy positions firing their weapons
as they advanced. The entire platoon followed suit. I remember
as I ran forward across the dikes bullets impacting in the water
all around me and experiencing a curious sense of exhilaration.
We made good progress until about halfway across. The enemy had
apparently gauged our range and we ran into a withering wall of
automatic weapons fire. We all immediately jumped from the dikes
into the paddy seeking cover. All along the dikes troopers began
returning fire as best they could. As I lay there in the mud firing
my M-16, I thought to myself, what had begun that day as a 'Walk
in the Sun' had definitely taken a turn for the worse.”
Specialist 4 Juan Fernandez was a rifleman with the 3rd Platoon
and recalls the march back to re-join A Company, fighting their
way past enemy infested tree lines and across flooded rice paddies.
“I
remember coming around a hill and noticed to my left an M-60 machine
gun crew was setting up to cover our assault. They began to lay
down a covering fire as we quickly spread out on line for our attack
across the paddy. Halfway across the paddy our advance was slowed
as many of us began sinking in the mud. Helping one another we advanced
under fire to where we found a stream. We crossed it and continued
up the side of its bank which looked down on the enemy village.
We started down the other side of the bank, the entire platoon firing
into the enemy positions that had been firing at us. As our fire
increased the enemies fire slackened and eventually ended entirely.
Apparently, they did not want to stick around. We cleared the enemy
positions and proceeded across the rice paddy.” |

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“Walking in single file and thinking the enemy
had enough, we were all laughing and joking. Our laughter quickly
ended as we heard gunfire. The water around me started to dance
from the impacting rounds. The term 'get down' had a whole new
meaning that day as we all jumped into the rice paddy for cover
behind a dike. They say in a firefight any cover is good cover
but the dike offered too little protection for my liking. As we
were laying in the paddy mud and water, I saw Sergeant Johnson
rise from behind the dike and fire a rocket from a law into the
enemy position. As I watched the rocket leave its tube Sergeant
Johnson fell forward on the dike, badly wounded in the leg. Several
of his men fearing he would get hit again rushed forward to pull
him off the exposed dike and provided him medical aid.”
“Firing from a prone position behind the dike the mud and paddy water
made it difficult to reload my M-16. I remember seeing rounds hit
the water all around me as I lay as flat as possible behind my cover. We were
all pinned down and at that point unable to move forward or backwards; there
was nowhere to go so we all fired back from the cover of the dike as best we
could. Then, all of a sudden you could hear the wop, wop, and wop of helicopters
blades.  I'm
sure I wasn' t the only one to experience the thrill of seeing those beautiful
helicopter gun ships pulling in behind us. They fired their rockets over our
heads and pounded the enemy positions. It was then that someone yelled for
us to pull back across the paddy. We all knew what to do and how to do it.”
“Carrying our wounded we leapfrogged back across the paddy with each
fire team taking its turns so as not to run over each other in
all that mud. As we pulled back across the paddy the gun ships continued
to smoke the enemy positions. The machine gun team that had covered
our assault across the paddy was burning up their barrel providing suppressing
fire for our withdrawal. We all got back to our original starting point. Everyone
was exhausted and soaked with water and mud. Sergeant Isaac Guest came over
to where I was laying on my back catching my breath. He looked down at me and
asked if I had been shot. I was covered with blood. No, I replied, damn leeches
got me. I was covered with them.”
Specialist 4 Mike Friedrichs remember, “I kept popping my head
up to see were the enemy fire was coming from. Juan Fernandez kept
screaming at me to keep down. I found a target and started returning
fire with my M-16. After a few rounds my weapon malfunctioned,
a broken extractor. I then began to arm my LAW to return fire.
I was almost ready to launch my rocket when I felt this horrible
numbness and burning from my waist to my toes, I rolled over on
my back. I knew I had been hit. At first I didn't want to look,
thinking the worst, I reached down and was relieved to find everything
was intact. Two troopers helped me out of my gear, and our medic,
Bobby Elkins, crawled over, and put a pressure bandages on my wound.
An AK 47 round had entered my left hip and passed through both
legs.”

“Two of my buddies started to drag me out of the rice paddy, but the
pain of being dragged was too much, plus the three of us bunched
up in the paddy offered the enemy an excellent target. I told them to
get behind a dike and give me covering fire and I would crawl out
of the paddy myself. I was still receiving fire all around me, the enemy still
had my range. I could see the impacting bullets spitting up mud as I backed
stroked across the paddy using rice shoots to pull myself through the muck.
My legs were useless. When I got to a dike I had to cross, I would get as close
as I could then wait for the enemy fire to subside, then roll over the rice
paddy dike. Troopers at the edge of the paddy were giving me covering fire.
They were also cheering me on as I pulled myself to safety. I can still recall
Sergeant Guest, firing his M-16 and yelling profanities at the enemy while
encouraging me back to the safety of the 3rd Platoon lines.”
1st Lieutenant Erle Taylor was the A Company executive officer
and recalled spending most of the afternoon on the radio coordinating
fire and maneuver against the enemy who would appear then disappear
only to appear again. “On February 23, 1966, A Company was conducting
search and destroy missions with elements of our battalion D Company.
We were moving from map coordinate Bird up the western side of
the river to coordinate Cord. It was about 1300 hours when Lieutenant
Polonitza reported by radio that his 3rd Platoon was under fire.
At that time the lead elements of the A Company column also came
under fire. The 2nd Platoon under Lieutenant Cochran was ordered
forward to attack across the rice paddy with the support of one
of our mortar teams. After moving 200 meters across the paddy the
2nd Platoon came under intense automatic weapons fire from several
different locations.” |
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“Artillery and mortar fire were brought to bear on the enemy positions
as the 2nd Platoon continued their advance under the barrage. The
position was seized by 2nd Platoon but no enemy soldiers were found.
The 2nd Platoon then received fire from its left flank and fire
support was directed to the new enemy positions. Lieutenant Polonitza's
3rd Platoon continued to the Northwest sweeping the village and
the tree line while continually drawing enemy fire. We then deployed
to map position Moi Nhon in the vicinity of coordinate Cord. There,
we found a farmer who said there had been about 50 Viet Cong who
had been shadowing us from the tree lines and attacking our line
of march. It appeared that they were acting as a delaying force
against the A Company advance. Once again the enemy broke contact
and was nowhere to be found. We
were then ordered to return to a pre-designated map coordinate.
When we were a couple of hundred meters from the position we once
again came under enemy fire from all locations previously mentioned.
The enemy fire was extremely accurate and very intense. Once again
we called in mortars and artillery and for good measure gun ships,
which pounded the area with rockets. The D Company Recon Platoon
then attacked the enemy in an attempt to roll up their flank.
“The recon platoon met with stiff resistance and suffered high casualties.
Mortar crews began pounding the area with white phosphorous and
after dropping about 20 rounds on the positions the enemy fire ceased.
A Company then covered the withdrawal of D Company to the friendly
tree line where we evacuated our wounded. We then were extracted
to location Bird arriving about 2000 hours that night. It had been
a very long day.”

As the paratroopers of A Company were preparing for extraction, Private
First Class Tom Oglethorpe of Petaluma California was excitedly showing
off a bullet hole in his helmet. Specialist 4 Jim Rockwell recalled
that everyone was kidding Tom about being the luckiest guy in A Company.
The next day February 24, Private First Class Oglethorpe, along with
five other A Company troopers, was killed while counter attacking
an enemy ambush. Private First Class Thomas Jay Oglethorpe was 17
years of age; he was killed in action ten days short of his 18th birthday. |
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Stories the Pony Soldiers Tell
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